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Assignment Operator "=" in VB.NET
Firstly, I am aware of the similar question here: Assignment "=" operator in VB.NET 1.1
Suppose I have a VB.NET structure which contains an ArrayList :
I want to understand what happens when I create two instances of MarbleCollection and assign one to the other using the " = " operator:
According to the accepted answer to the question linked above:
It's a reference copy, if the type is a reference type (ie: classes). If it's a value type (Structure), it will do a member by member copy.
When a member-by-member 'copy' is carried out (when assigning a value type), is VB.NET really just recursively calling the assignment operator on each of the members? If so, then assigning one MarbleCollection here to another will not produce a deep copy because the assignment operator between two marbles ArrayLists will produce a reference copy. I want a deep copy.
Is there a way that I can implicitly make a reference-type object copy itself like a value-type one? For example, I would find it useful to extend the functionality of the ArrayList class, but I don't want my subclass to copy its ArrayList values by reference, but instead value.
Take this concrete example:
Is there something I can do to the BookList class (i.e. implement an interface) that will make it so that:
Will replicate the values inside books2 and assign the replicant references to books1 ?
I'm not looking to be spoon-fed the solution here and move on; I would appreciate an explanation of how the "=" operator actually functions and decides internally how it will carry out the assignment (and how I can influence it). Generalisation to other languages is welcome.
There seems to be some confusion. I realize that it's not possible/advisable to overload the "=" operator. I want to understand how the operator works. I can then determine for myself how/if I can perform a deep copy by typing an assignment statement.
For instance, this may or may not be a correct, fully descriptive definition of the operator's behaviour:
- class1 = class2 - copies the reference of class2 to class1 . They're the same instance.
- struct1 = struct2 - performs struct1.member = struct2.member for each member in struct2 .
- primitive1 = primitive2 - creates a new primitive, replicates the value of primitive2 and writes the same value to the new primitive, and gives primitive1 the reference of this newly created primitive.
I'm looking for a definitive outline of behaviour as above.
- assignment-operator
- Have you looked into Deep Copying objects? – Dr Schizo Aug 4, 2014 at 7:41
- I know nothing about this. If I understand the meaning correctly, I do want to perform a deep copy, yes. I don't know how. – Myridium Aug 4, 2014 at 7:43
- You should implement a DeepCopy method on the structure to do the copy. You shouldn't try to do any operator overload as this would create an inconsistent behaviour to c# in general and will make debugging and maintenance harder than is needed. – Enigmativity Aug 4, 2014 at 7:48
- Surely there is some canonical way of altering the behaviour of the assignment operator? The point is that I want the behaviour of my class to be intuitive. I would prefer that books1 = books2 perform a value-by-value replication. Is there a way to accomplish this? – Myridium Aug 4, 2014 at 7:53
- 1 Perhaps this will be a useful read codeproject.com/Articles/36067/Shallow-and-Deep-Object-Copying . From the look of your question you seem to be very clued up as you have provided a very detailed question. You can implement ICloneable, an example of doing so can be found here java2s.com/Tutorial/VB/0160__Collections/DeepClone.htm . – Dr Schizo Aug 4, 2014 at 7:54
First of all - you can't override assignment operator = ( Why aren't assignment operators overloadable in VB.NET? ). If you assign structure to new structure, you copy just value fields, reference fields will stay the same (thus your new MarbleCollection.marbles will point to same object as original MarbleCollection.marbles). What you can do is implement your own method and call that method instead for deep clone.
If you're looking for automation of deep cloning, I usually perform binary serialization, then deserialization (which gives you deep clone); there are also libraries for that.
Point of interest - ICloneable interface.
For automatic cloning via serialization, you can write your class like this:
(Shamelessly retaken from Deep cloning objects )
Downside: it is a bit slower that MemberwiseClone() and all "deep cloneable" objects must be marked with <Serializable()> attribute.
- Does the assignment operator internally use the .Clone() method of IClonable objects? If not, I don't see the purpose of using IClonable at all. Do you mind elaborating on the serialization route and the automation it provides? – Myridium Aug 4, 2014 at 8:07
- 2 @Myridium No, it doesn't. Instead of a = b , you'd simply write a = b.Clone() . You can't override the assignment operator (and even if you could, you shouldn't). – Luaan Aug 4, 2014 at 8:17
- @Ondrej Svejdar It looks like the serialisation route is just another way to implement an explicit Clone() method. – Myridium Aug 4, 2014 at 8:56
- @Myridium - yes, but you don't have to write implementation of explicit Clone() yourself - as long as object is serializable. – Ondrej Svejdar Aug 4, 2014 at 9:13
- This answer is essentially correct, but I’d advise writing and using a copy constructor instead of a Clone method. Clone really only makes sense when you want polymorphic copying (via the ICloneable interface), and this is usually not an issue for value types anyway. – Konrad Rudolph Aug 4, 2014 at 9:26
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Function Statement (Visual Basic)
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Declares the name, parameters, and code that define a Function procedure.
attributelist
Optional. See Attribute List .
accessmodifier
Optional. Can be one of the following:
Protected Friend
Private Protected
See Access levels in Visual Basic .
proceduremodifiers
Overridable
NotOverridable
MustOverride
MustOverride Overrides
NotOverridable Overrides
Optional. See Shared .
Optional. See Shadows .
Optional. See Async .
Optional. See Iterator .
Required. Name of the procedure. See Declared Element Names .
typeparamlist
Optional. List of type parameters for a generic procedure. See Type List .
parameterlist
Optional. List of local variable names representing the parameters of this procedure. See Parameter List .
Required if Option Strict is On . Data type of the value returned by this procedure.
Optional. Indicates that this procedure implements one or more Function procedures, each one defined in an interface implemented by this procedure's containing class or structure. See Implements Statement .
implementslist
Required if Implements is supplied. List of Function procedures being implemented.
implementedprocedure [ , implementedprocedure ... ]
Each implementedprocedure has the following syntax and parts:
interface.definedname
Optional. Indicates that this procedure can handle one or more specific events. See Handles .
Required if Handles is supplied. List of events this procedure handles.
eventspecifier [ , eventspecifier ... ]
Each eventspecifier has the following syntax and parts:
eventvariable.event
Optional. Block of statements to be executed within this procedure.
End Function
Terminates the definition of this procedure.
All executable code must be inside a procedure. Each procedure, in turn, is declared within a class, a structure, or a module that is referred to as the containing class, structure, or module.
To return a value to the calling code, use a Function procedure; otherwise, use a Sub procedure.
Defining a Function
You can define a Function procedure only at the module level. Therefore, the declaration context for a function must be a class, a structure, a module, or an interface and can't be a source file, a namespace, a procedure, or a block. For more information, see Declaration Contexts and Default Access Levels .
Function procedures default to public access. You can adjust their access levels with the access modifiers.
A Function procedure can declare the data type of the value that the procedure returns. You can specify any data type or the name of an enumeration, a structure, a class, or an interface. If you don't specify the returntype parameter, the procedure returns Object .
If this procedure uses the Implements keyword, the containing class or structure must also have an Implements statement that immediately follows its Class or Structure statement. The Implements statement must include each interface that's specified in implementslist . However, the name by which an interface defines the Function (in definedname ) doesn't need to match the name of this procedure (in name ).
You can use lambda expressions to define function expressions inline. For more information, see Function Expression and Lambda Expressions .
Returning from a Function
When the Function procedure returns to the calling code, execution continues with the statement that follows the statement that called the procedure.
To return a value from a function, you can either assign the value to the function name or include it in a Return statement.
The Return statement simultaneously assigns the return value and exits the function, as the following example shows.
The following example assigns the return value to the function name myFunction and then uses the Exit Function statement to return.
The Exit Function and Return statements cause an immediate exit from a Function procedure. Any number of Exit Function and Return statements can appear anywhere in the procedure, and you can mix Exit Function and Return statements.
If you use Exit Function without assigning a value to name , the procedure returns the default value for the data type that's specified in returntype . If returntype isn't specified, the procedure returns Nothing , which is the default value for Object .
Calling a Function
You call a Function procedure by using the procedure name, followed by the argument list in parentheses, in an expression. You can omit the parentheses only if you aren't supplying any arguments. However, your code is more readable if you always include the parentheses.
You call a Function procedure the same way that you call any library function such as Sqrt , Cos , or ChrW .
You can also call a function by using the Call keyword. In that case, the return value is ignored. Use of the Call keyword isn't recommended in most cases. For more information, see Call Statement .
Visual Basic sometimes rearranges arithmetic expressions to increase internal efficiency. For that reason, you shouldn't use a Function procedure in an arithmetic expression when the function changes the value of variables in the same expression.
Async Functions
The Async feature allows you to invoke asynchronous functions without using explicit callbacks or manually splitting your code across multiple functions or lambda expressions.
If you mark a function with the Async modifier, you can use the Await operator in the function. When control reaches an Await expression in the Async function, control returns to the caller, and progress in the function is suspended until the awaited task completes. When the task is complete, execution can resume in the function.
An Async procedure returns to the caller when either it encounters the first awaited object that’s not yet complete, or it gets to the end of the Async procedure, whichever occurs first.
An Async function can have a return type of Task<TResult> or Task . An example of an Async function that has a return type of Task<TResult> is provided below.
An Async function cannot declare any ByRef parameters.
A Sub Statement can also be marked with the Async modifier. This is primarily used for event handlers, where a value cannot be returned. An Async Sub procedure can't be awaited, and the caller of an Async Sub procedure can't catch exceptions that are thrown by the Sub procedure.
For more information about Async functions, see Asynchronous Programming with Async and Await , Control Flow in Async Programs , and Async Return Types .
Iterator Functions
An iterator function performs a custom iteration over a collection, such as a list or array. An iterator function uses the Yield statement to return each element one at a time. When a Yield statement is reached, the current location in code is remembered. Execution is restarted from that location the next time the iterator function is called.
You call an iterator from client code by using a For Each…Next statement.
The return type of an iterator function can be IEnumerable , IEnumerable<T> , IEnumerator , or IEnumerator<T> .
For more information, see Iterators .
The following example uses the Function statement to declare the name, parameters, and code that form the body of a Function procedure. The ParamArray modifier enables the function to accept a variable number of arguments.
The following example invokes the function declared in the preceding example.
In the following example, DelayAsync is an Async Function that has a return type of Task<TResult> . DelayAsync has a Return statement that returns an integer. Therefore the function declaration of DelayAsync needs to have a return type of Task(Of Integer) . Because the return type is Task(Of Integer) , the evaluation of the Await expression in DoSomethingAsync produces an integer. This is demonstrated in this statement: Dim result As Integer = Await delayTask .
The startButton_Click procedure is an example of an Async Sub procedure. Because DoSomethingAsync is an Async function, the task for the call to DoSomethingAsync must be awaited, as the following statement demonstrates: Await DoSomethingAsync() . The startButton_Click Sub procedure must be defined with the Async modifier because it has an Await expression.
- Sub Statement
- Function Procedures
- Parameter List
- Dim Statement
- Call Statement
- Parameter Arrays
- How to: Use a Generic Class
- Troubleshooting Procedures
- Lambda Expressions
- Function Expression
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Additional resources
VB.NET Operators
Introduction to VB.NET Operators
Visual Basic .Net by Microsoft is a type of object-oriented programming language that is employed on the .Net framework. It allows multiple operations and corresponding operators to enable the programmers to incorporate the same in the logical units of the programs. The operators used in VB .Net programming language are Arithmetic Operators (+, -, *, /, ^, etc), Comparison Operators (=, <>, >, <, >=, <=, etc), Logical Operators (And, Or, Not, IsFalse, IsTrue, etc), Bit Shift Operators (<<, >>, Xor, etc), Assignment Operators (=, +=, /=, ^=, etc) and Miscellaneous Operators (Await, GetType, If, etc).
What are operators in VB.NET?
Operators are special symbols that are used to perform specific types of operations. Operators perform a very special role as they make computation and operations easier. Let us see some of the types of VB.NET Operators :
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- Arithmetic Operators .
- Comparison Operators .
- Logical/Bitwise Operators.
- Bit Shift Operators.
- Assignment Operators .
- Miscellaneous Operators
Types of VB.NET Operators
These are some of the types of VB.NET Operators:
For example:
Here, = and + are the operators and x, 2, 3 are the operands. The operator is working on some things, those things are known as an operand.
VB.NET Operators are a rich set of operators that are available for use.
1. Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used for performing mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, etc.
Arithmetic operators in VB.NET
Example #1: Arithmetic operators in VB.NET
2. Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are basically used to compare different values. These operators normally return Boolean values either True or False depending upon the condition.
Comparison operators in VB.NET
Example # 2: Comparison operators in VB.NET
3. Logical/Bitwise Operators
The following are the Logical Operators supported by VB.NET. In this case, x and y are Boolean Values.
Logical/Bitwise operators in VB.NET Operators
Example #3: Logical operators in VB.NET
4. Bit Shift Operators
The Bit Shift operators are used to perform shift operations on binary level or values. They perform bit by bit operation. In this case, x and y are numeric Values.
Bit Shift operators in VB.NET
5. Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used for assigning values to variables in VB.NET.
Dim x As Integer = 7 is a simple assignment statement that assigns a value on the right side i.e. 7 to variable x. There are operators in VB.NET like x += 4 which have additional meaning. Such operators are known as compound operators. The meaning of x += 4 is equivalent to adding 4 to variable x and then assigning the resultant value back to x.
Assignment operators in VB.NET
6. Miscellaneous Operators
There are few other important operators supported by VB.NET which are,
Miscellaneous operators in VB.NET
Recommended Articles
This has been a guide to VB.NET Operators. Here we have discussed different types of VB.NET Operators with examples. You can also go through our other suggested articles to learn more –
- C++ Operators
- VB.NET Controls
- VB.Net for Loop
- VB.Net Events
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An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. VB.Net is rich in built-in operators and provides following types of commonly used operators −
Arithmetic Operators
Comparison operators, logical/bitwise operators, bit shift operators, assignment operators, miscellaneous operators.
This tutorial will explain the most commonly used operators.
Following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by VB.Net. Assume variable A holds 2 and variable B holds 7, then −
Show Examples
Following table shows all the comparison operators supported by VB.Net. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −
Apart from the above, VB.Net provides three more comparison operators, which we will be using in forthcoming chapters; however, we give a brief description here.
Is Operator − It compares two object reference variables and determines if two object references refer to the same object without performing value comparisons. If object1 and object2 both refer to the exact same object instance, result is True ; otherwise, result is False.
IsNot Operator − It also compares two object reference variables and determines if two object references refer to different objects. If object1 and object2 both refer to the exact same object instance, result is False ; otherwise, result is True.
Like Operator − It compares a string against a pattern.
Following table shows all the logical operators supported by VB.Net. Assume variable A holds Boolean value True and variable B holds Boolean value False, then −
We have already discussed the bitwise operators. The bit shift operators perform the shift operations on binary values. Before coming into the bit shift operators, let us understand the bit operations.
Bitwise operators work on bits and perform bit-by-bit operations. The truth tables for &, |, and ^ are as follows −
Assume if A = 60; and B = 13; now in binary format they will be as follows −
A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------
A&B = 0000 1100
A|B = 0011 1101
A^B = 0011 0001
~A = 1100 0011
We have seen that the Bitwise operators supported by VB.Net are And, Or, Xor and Not. The Bit shift operators are >> and << for left shift and right shift, respectively.
Assume that the variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13, then −
There are following assignment operators supported by VB.Net −
There are few other important operators supported by VB.Net.
Operators Precedence in VB.Net
Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects how an expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator −
For example, x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher precedence than +, so it first gets multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into 7.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.
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Definition of assignment
task , duty , job , chore , stint , assignment mean a piece of work to be done.
task implies work imposed by a person in authority or an employer or by circumstance.
duty implies an obligation to perform or responsibility for performance.
job applies to a piece of work voluntarily performed; it may sometimes suggest difficulty or importance.
chore implies a minor routine activity necessary for maintaining a household or farm.
stint implies a carefully allotted or measured quantity of assigned work or service.
assignment implies a definite limited task assigned by one in authority.
Example Sentences
These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'assignment.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback .
Word History
see assign entry 1
14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1
Phrases Containing assignment
- self - assignment
Dictionary Entries Near assignment
Cite this entry.
“Assignment.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/assignment. Accessed 4 Mar. 2023.
Legal Definition
Legal definition of assignment, more from merriam-webster on assignment.
Nglish: Translation of assignment for Spanish Speakers
Britannica English: Translation of assignment for Arabic Speakers
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Assignment Operators
Along with the equal operator, there is one assignment operator that corresponds to each arithmetic and concatenation operator. Its symbol is obtained by appending an equal sign to the arithmetic or concatenation symbol.
The arithmetic and concatenation operators work as follows. They all take the form:
where <operator> is one of the arithmetic or concatenation operators. This is equivalent to:
To illustrate, consider the addition assignment operator. The expression:
is equivalent to:
which simply adds 1 to x. Similarly, the expression:
which concatenates the string "end" to the end of the string s.
All of the “shortcut” assignment operators — such as the addition assignment operator or the concatenation assignment operator — are new to VB.NET.
The assignment operators are:
The equal operator, which is both an assignment operator and a comparison operator. For example:
Note that in VB.NET, the equal operator alone is used to assign all data types; in previous versions of VB, the Set statement had to be used along with the equal operator to assign an object reference.
Addition assignment operator. For example:
adds 1 to the value of lNumber and assigns the result to lNumber.
Subtraction assignment operator. For example:
subtracts 1 from the value of lNumber and assigns the result ...
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VB.NET Tutorial
Example of Arithmetic Operators in VB.NET:
Arithmetic_Operator.vb
Now compile and execute the above program, by pressing the F5 button or Start button from the Visual Studio; then it shows the following result:
Comparison Operators
As the name suggests, the Comparison Operator is used to compare the value of two variables or operands for the various condition such as greater, less than or equal, etc. and returns a Boolean value either true or false based on the condition.
Example of Comparison Operators in VB.NET
Comparison_Operator.vb
Now compile and execute the above code by pressing the F5 button or Start button in Visual studio, it returns the following output:
Logical and Bitwise Operators
The logical and bitwise Operators work with Boolean (true or false) conditions, and if the conditions become true, it returns a Boolean value. The following are the logical and bitwise Operators used to perform the various logical operations such as And, Or, Not, etc. on the operands (variables). Suppose there are two operand A and B, where A is True, and B is False.
Example of Logical and Bitwise Operator:
Logic_Bitwise.vb
Bit Shift Operators
The Bit Shit Operators are used to perform the bit shift operations on binary values either to the right or to the left.
Bit Shift operations in VB.NET
Example of Bit Shift Operator in VB.NET:
BitShift_Operator.vb
Assignment Operators
The Assignment Operators are used to assign the value to variables in VB.NET.
Assignment Operators in VB.NET
Example of Assignment Operator in VB.NET:
Assign_Operator.vb
Concatenation Operators
In VB.NET, there are two concatenation Operators to bind the operands:
Example of Concatenation Operators in VB.NET.
MyProgram.vb
Miscellaneous Operators
There are some important Operator in VB.NET
Example of Miscellaneous Operator s in VB.NET.
Misc_Operator.vb
Operator Precedence in VB.NET
Operator precedence is used to determine the order in which different Operators in a complex expression are evaluated. There are distinct levels of precedence, and an Operator may belong to one of the levels. The Operators at a higher level of precedence are evaluated first. Operators of similar precedents are evaluated at either the left-to-right or the right-to-left level.
The Following table shows the operations, Operators and their precedence -
Example of Operator Precedence in VB.NET.
Operator_Precedence.vb
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Introduction
VB.Net is an easy, modern-day, object-oriented computer system programs language established by Microsoft to integrate the power of.NET Framework and the typical language runtime with the performance advantages that are the trademark of Visual Basic . This tutorial will teach you standard VB.Net shows and will likewise take you through different sophisticated ideas associated with VB.Net programs language. This tutorial has actually been gotten ready for the newbies to assist them comprehend standard VB.Net shows. After finishing this tutorial, you will discover yourself at a moderate level of knowledge in VB.Net shows from where you can take yourself to next levels. VB.Net programs is quite based upon BASIC and Visual Basic programs languages, so if you have standard understanding on these shows languages, then it will be an enjoyable for you to discover VB.Net shows language.
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Prior to we study standard foundation of the VB.Net programs language, let us look a bare minimum VB.Net program structure so that we can take it as a referral in upcoming chapters. Visual Basic.NET is an Object-Oriented shows language developed by Microsoft. With the word "Basic" being in the name of the language, you can currently see that this is a language for novices. There are individuals who slam VB.NET due to the fact that of the simpleness of the syntax, however VB.NET has the capability to produce advanced and really effective applications. If you have actually had any experience in computer system programs, you must comprehend exactly what a syntax is and the function of it. If not, let's take an appearance at the VB.NET syntax. Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented shows language, carried out on the.NET Framework. Microsoft released VB.NET in 2002 as the follower to its initial Visual Basic language. NET" part of the name was dropped in 2005, this post utilizes "Visual Basic
The initial variations of Microsoft ® Visual Basic ® offered a system for specifying information structures in a user-defined type (UDT). A UDT encapsulates the information, however not the processing related to that information. Processing was specified in worldwide basic modules, frequently called BAS modules since of their.bas extension. The release of Visual Basic 4 dawned a brand-new age for Visual Basic designers. Visual Basic took its very first actions towards ending up being an object-oriented programs (OOP) language by supplying object-oriented functions such as class modules. As Visual Basic developed from variation 4 to variation 6, Visual Basic designers broadened their understanding of OO to consist of component-based advancement (CBD) strategies. With CBD, Visual Basic designers might construct total three-tiered applications for Microsoft Windows ® and the Web. This kind of advancement was so typical that Microsoft offered a style pattern referred to as the Microsoft DNA architecture.
Visual Basic.NET offers another leap in Visual Basic advancement abilities and functions and offers real object-oriented shows, as detailed in this post The fundamental function of a class has actually not altered in Visual Basic.NET. You still produce classes for your company things and for any supporting items that you might require for your application. The main modifications from Visual Basic 6 to Visual Basic.NET include syntax and some brand-new functions. In Visual Basic 6, you develop a class by developing a class module: one class, one class module. This is no longer the case in Visual Basic.NET. Including a class to a Visual Basic.NET task is extremely just like Visual Basic 6. Rather of getting an empty code file, your class will appear with the following code:
Vb.net Homework Help
Visual Basic 6 supplied a home Let declaration that dealt with intrinsic information types while the Set declaration worked with things. Now that whatever in Visual Basic.NET is generally an item, there is no requirement for the Let declaration. Notification that the syntax for a residential or commercial property treatment is likewise altered. No more possibility of an inequality in information types in between residential or commercial property Set and get. Pointer In a n-tiered or three-tiered application, your classes might be stateless, indicating that they have no residential or commercial properties. This offers more effective usage of your classes within middle-tier parts. The syntax for a basic technique is almost similar to previous variations of Visual Basic. You can utilize Return to return a worth from a function rather of utilizing the function name.
In Visual Basic 6, when you produce a circumstances of a class the Initialize occasion is created. You might desire to specify default item information, open database connections, or produce associated items. Visual Basic.NET presents real fitters that are performed whenever a brand-new circumstances of the class is produced. These builders are specified with a subroutine called New Rather of a Terminate occasion, Visual Basic.NET supplies a Finalize destructor. When the.NET trash collector identifies that the things is not longer required, this destructor is called. There might be a hold-up in between the time a things is ended and the time the garbage man in fact damages the things. VB.NET has a lot of resemblances to Visual Basic however likewise some distinctions. VB.NET is an object-oriented language, which supports the abstraction, inheritance , encapsulation, and polymorphism functions.
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Microsoft introduced VB.NET in 2002 as the follower to its initial Visual Basic language. The release of Visual Basic 4 dawned a brand-new age for Visual Basic designers. As Visual Basic developed from variation 4 to variation 6, Visual Basic designers broadened their understanding of OO to consist of component-based advancement (CBD) methods. The main modifications from Visual Basic 6 to Visual Basic.NET include syntax and some brand-new functions. In Visual Basic 6, you produce a class by producing a class module: one class, one class module.
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What is VB.Net? Introduction & Features
What is vb.net.
VB.NET stands for Visual Basic.NET, and it is a computer programming language developed by Microsoft. It was first released in 2002 to replace Visual Basic 6. VB.NET is an object-oriented programming language. This means that it supports the features of object-oriented programming which include encapsulation, polymorphism, abstraction, and inheritance.
Visual Basic .ASP NET runs on the .NET framework, which means that it has full access to the .NET libraries. It is a very productive tool for rapid creation of a wide range of Web, Windows, Office, and Mobile applications that have been built on the .NET framework.
The language was designed in such a way that it is easy to understand to both novice and advanced programmers. Since VB.NET relies on the .NET framework, programs written in the language run with much reliability and scalability. With VB.NET, you can create applications that are fully object-oriented, similar to the ones created in other languages like C++, Java, or C#. Programs written in VB.NET can also interoperate well with programs written in Visual C++, Visual C#, and Visual J#. VB.NET treats everything as an object.
It is true that VB.NET is an evolved version of Visual Basic 6, but it’s not compatible with it. If you write your code in Visual Basic 6, you cannot compile it under VB.NET.
History of VB.NET
- VB.NET is a multi-paradigm programming language developed by Microsoft on the .NET framework. It was launched in 2002 as a successor to the Visual Basic language. This was the first version of VB.NET (VB.NET 7.0) and it relied on .NET version 1.0.
- In 2003, the second version of VB.NET, VB.NET 7.1, was released. This one relied on .NET version 1.1. This version came with a number of improvements including support for .NET Compact Framework and an improved reliability and performance of the .NET IDE. VB.NET 2003 was also made available in the academic edition of Visual Studio.NET and distributed to various scholars from different countries for free.
- In 2005, VB.NET 8.0 was released. The .NET core portion was dropped from its name so as to distinguish it from the classical Visual Basic language. This version was named Visual Basic 2005. This version came with many features since Microsoft wanted this language to be used for rapid application developers. They also wanted to make it different from C# language. Some of the features introduced by this version of VB.NET included partial classes, generics, nullable types, operator overloading, and unsigned integer support. This version also saw the introduction of the IsNot operator.
- In 2008, VB 9.0 was introduced. This was released together with .NET 3.5. Some of the features added to this release of VB.NET included anonymous types, true conditional operator, LINQ support, XML literals, Lambda expressions, extension methods, and type inference.
- In 2010, Microsoft released VB 2010 (code 10.0). They wanted to use a Dynamic Language Runtime for this release, but they opted for co-evolution strategy shared between VB.NET and C# to bring these languages closer to each other.
- In 2012, VB 2012 (code 11.0) was release together with .NET 4.5. Its features included call hierarchy, iterators, caller data, asynchronous programming with “await” and “async” statements and the “Global” keyword in the “namespace” statements.
- In 2015, VB 2015 (code 14.0) was released alongside Visual Studio 2015. The “?.” operator was introduced to do inline null checks. A string interpolation feature was also introduced to help in formatting strings inline.
- In 2017, VB 2017 (code 15.0) was introduced alongside Visual Studio 2017. A better way of organizing source code in just a single action was introduced.
VB.NET Features
VB.NET comes loaded with numerous features that have made it a popular programming language amongst programmers worldwide. These features include the following:
- VB.NET is not case sensitive like other languages such as C++ and Java.
- It is an object-oriented programming language. It treats everything as an object.
- Automatic code formatting, XML designer, improved object browser etc.
- Garbage collection is automated.
- Support for Boolean conditions for decision making.
- Simple multithreading, allowing your apps to deal with multiple tasks simultaneously.
- Simple generics.
- A standard library.
- Events management.
- References. You should reference an external object that is to be used in a VB.NET application.
- Attributes, which are tags for providing additional information regarding elements that have been defined within a program.
- Windows Forms- you can inherit your form from an already existing form.
Advantages of VB.NET
The following are the pros/benefits you will enjoy for coding in VB.NET:
- Your code will be formatted automatically.
- You will use object-oriented constructs to create an enterprise-class code.
- You can create web applications with modern features like performance counters, event logs, and file system.
- You can create your web forms with much ease through the visual forms designer. You will also enjoy drag and drop capability to replace any elements that you may need.
- You can connect your applications to other applications created in languages that run on the .NET framework.
- You will enjoy features like docking, automatic control anchoring, and in-place menu editor all good for developing web applications.
Disadvantages of VB.NET
Below are some of the drawbacks/cons associated with VB.NET:
- VB.NET cannot handle pointers directly. This is a significant disadvantage since pointers are much necessary for programming. Any additional coding will lead to many CPU cycles, requiring more processing time. Your application will become slow.
- VB.NET is easy to learn. This has led to a large talent pool. Hence, it may be challenging to secure a job as a VB.NET programmer.
- VB.NET was developed by Microsoft.
- It is an object-oriented language.
- The language is not case sensitive.
- VB.NET programs run on the .NET framework.
- In VB.NET, the garbage collection process has been automated.
- The language provides windows forms from which you can inherit your own forms.
- VB.NET allows you to enjoy the drag and drop feature when creating a user interface.
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- Types of VB.Net Operators: Arithmetic, Comparison & Logical
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Adds the value of a numeric expression to the value of a numeric variable or property and assigns the result to the variable or property. Can also be used to concatenate a String expression to a String variable or property and assign the result to the variable or property. Syntax VB variableorproperty += expression Parts variableorproperty
2. First of all - you can't override assignment operator = ( Why aren't assignment operators overloadable in VB.NET? ). If you assign structure to new structure, you copy just value fields, reference fields will stay the same (thus your new MarbleCollection.marbles will point to same object as original MarbleCollection.marbles).
Each procedure, in turn, is declared within a class, a structure, or a module that is referred to as the containing class, structure, or module. To return a value to the calling code, use a Function procedure; otherwise, use a Sub procedure. Defining a Function You can define a Function procedure only at the module level.
VB.Net - Assignment Operators Previous Page Next Page There are following assignment operators supported by VB.Net − Example Try the following example to understand all the assignment operators available in VB.Net − Module assignment Sub Main() Dim a As Integer = 21 Dim pow As Integer = 2 Dim str1 As String = "Hello!
Assignment operators are used for assigning values to variables in VB.NET. Dim x As Integer = 7 is a simple assignment statement that assigns a value on the right side i.e. 7 to variable x. There are operators in VB.NET like x += 4 which have additional meaning. Such operators are known as compound operators.
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. VB.Net is rich in built-in operators and provides following types of commonly used operators − Arithmetic Operators Comparison Operators Logical/Bitwise Operators Bit Shift Operators Assignment Operators Miscellaneous Operators
The meaning of ASSIGNMENT is the act of assigning something. How to use assignment in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Assignment.
The assignment operators are: =. The equal operator, which is both an assignment operator and a comparison operator. For example: oVar1 = oVar2. Note that in VB.NET, the equal operator alone is used to assign all data types; in previous versions of VB, the Set statement had to be used along with the equal operator to assign an object reference.
In VB.NET programming, the Operator is a symbol that is used to perform various operations on variables. VB.NET has different types of Operators that help in performing logical and mathematical operations on data values. The Operator precedence is used to determine the execution order of different Operators in the VB.NET programming language.
Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented shows language, carried out on the.NET Framework. Microsoft released VB.NET in 2002 as the follower to its initial Visual Basic language. NET" part of the name was dropped in 2005, this post utilizes "Visual Basic. The initial variations of Microsoft ® Visual Basic ® offered a ...
VB.NET is an object-oriented programming language. This means that it supports the features of object-oriented programming which include encapsulation, polymorphism, abstraction, and inheritance. Visual Basic .ASP NET runs on the .NET framework, which means that it has full access to the .NET libraries.