
- Data Science | All Courses
- PGP in Data Science and Business Analytics Program from Maryland
- M.Sc in Data Science – University of Arizona
- M.Sc in Data Science – LJMU & IIIT Bangalore
- Executive PGP in Data Science – IIIT Bangalore
- Learn Python Programming – Coding Bootcamp Online
- ACP in Data Science – IIIT Bangalore
- PCP in Data Science – IIM Kozhikode
- Advanced Program in Data Science Certification Training from IIIT-B
- PMP Certification Training | PMP Online Course
- CSM Course | Scrum Master Certification Training
- PCP in HRM and Analytics – IIM Kozhikode
- Product Management Certification – Duke CE
- PGP in Management – IMT Ghaziabad
- Software Engineering | All Courses
- M.Sc in CS – LJMU & IIIT Bangalore
- Executive PGP in Software Development
- Full Stack Development Certificate Program from Purdue University
- Blockchain Certification Program from Purdue University
- Cloud Native Backend Development Program from Purdue University
- Cybersecurity Certificate Program from Purdue University
- MBA & DBA | All Courses
- Master of Business Administration – IMT & LBS
- Executive MBA SSBM
- Global Doctor of Business Administration
- Global MBA from Deakin Business School
- Machine Learning | All Courses
- M.Sc in Machine Learning & AI – LJMU & IIITB
- Certificate in ML and Cloud – IIT Madras
- Executive PGP in Machine Learning & AI – IIITB
- ACP in ML & Deep Learning – IIIT Bangalore
- ACP in Machine Learning & NLP – IIIT Bangalore
- M.Sc in Machine Learning & AI – LJMU & IIT M
- Digital Marketing | All Courses
- ACP in Customer Centricity
- Digital Marketing & Communication – MICA
- Business Analytics | All Courses
- Business Analytics Certification Program
- Artificial Intelligences US
- Blockchain Technology US
- Business Analytics US
- Data Science US
- Digital Marketing US
- Management US
- Product Management US
- Software Development US
- Executive Programme in Data Science – IIITB
- Master Degree in Data Science – IIITB & IU Germany
- ACP in Cloud Computing
- ACP in DevOp
- ACP in Cyber Security
- ACP in Big Data
- ACP in Blockchain Technology
- Master in Cyber Security – IIITB & IU Germany

13 Interesting Data Structure Project Ideas and Topics For Beginners [2023]

Rohit Sharma is the Program Director for the UpGrad-IIIT Bangalore, PG Diploma Data Analytics Program.
In the world of computer science, data structure refers to the format that contains a collection of data values, their relationships, and the functions that can be applied to the data. Data structures arrange data so that it can be accessed and worked on with specific algorithms more effectively. In this article, we will list some useful data structure projects to help you learn, create, and innovate!
You can also check out our free courses offered by upGrad under machine learning and IT technology.
Table of Contents
Data Structure Basics
Data structures can be classified into the following basic types:
- Linked Lists
- Hash tables
Selecting the appropriate setting for your data is an integral part of the programming and problem-solving process. And you can observe that data structures organize abstract data types in concrete implementations. To attain that result, they make use of various algorithms, such as sorting, searching, etc. Learning data structures is one of the important parts in data science courses .
With the rise of big data and analytics , learning about these fundamentals has become almost essential for data scientists. The training typically incorporates various data structure projects to enable the synthesis of knowledge from real-life experiences. Here is a list of topics to get you started!
Check out our Python Bootcamp created for working professionals.
Benefits of Data structures:
1. efficiency:.
The proper choice of a data structure for employing a specific ADT makes the program efficient in terms of space and time.
2. Abstraction:
An ADT’s data structure offers a level of abstraction. Since the client can’t observe the data structure’s internal working, they need not worry about the implementation. They can just visualise the interface.
3. Reusability:
The data structure’s reusability in different DSA topics allows multiple client programs to use the data structure.
Other benefits:
- It can store variables of various data types.
- It allows the creation of objects that feature various types of attributes.
- It allows reusing the data layout across programs.
- It can implement other data structures like stacks, linked lists, trees, graphs, queues, etc.
Why study data structures & algorithms?
- They help to solve complex real-time problems.
- They improve analytical and problem-solving skills.
- They help you to crack technical interviews
- They can efficiently manipulate the data
Studying relevant DSA topics increases job opportunities and earning potential. Therefore, they guarantee career advancement.
Data Structures Project Ideas
1. obscure binary search trees.
Items, such as names, numbers, etc. can be stored in memory in a sorted order called binary search trees or BSTs. And some of these data structures can automatically balance their height when arbitrary items are inserted or deleted. Therefore, they are known as self-balancing BSTs. Further, there can be different implementations of this type, like the BTrees, AVL trees, and red-black trees. But there are many other lesser-known executions that you can learn about. Some examples include AA trees, 2-3 trees, splay trees, scapegoat trees, and treaps.
You can base your project on these alternatives and explore how they can outperform other widely-used BSTs in different scenarios. For instance, splay trees can prove faster than red-black trees under the conditions of serious temporal locality.
Also, check out our business analytics course to widen your horizon.
2. BSTs following the memoization algorithm
Memoization related to dynamic programming. In reduction-memoizing BSTs, each node can memoize a function of its subtrees. Consider the example of a BST of persons ordered by their ages. Now, let the child nodes store the maximum income of each individual. With this structure, you can answer queries like, “What is the maximum income of people aged between 18.3 and 25.3?” It can also handle updates in logarithmic time.
Moreover, such data structures are easy to accomplish in C language. You can also attempt to bind it with Ruby and a convenient API. Go for an interface that allows you to specify ‘lambda’ as your ordering function and your subtree memoizing function. All in all, you can expect reduction-memoizing BSTs to be self-balancing BSTs with a dash of additional book-keeping.
Dynamic coding will need cognitive memorisation for its implementation. Each vertex in a reducing BST can memorise its sub–trees’ functionality. For example, a BST of persons is categorised by their age.
This DSA topics based project idea allows the kid node to store every individual’s maximum salary. This framework can be used to answer the questions like “what’s the income limit of persons aged 25 to 30?”
Checkout: Types of Binary Tree
Explore our Popular Data Science Courses
3. heap insertion time.
When looking for data structure projects , you want to encounter distinct problems being solved with creative approaches. One such unique research question concerns the average case insertion time for binary heap data structures. According to some online sources, it is constant time, while others imply that it is log(n) time.
But Bollobas and Simon give a numerically-backed answer in their paper entitled, “Repeated random insertion into a priority queue.” First, they assume a scenario where you want to insert n elements into an empty heap. There can be ‘n!’ possible orders for the same. Then, they adopt the average cost approach to prove that the insertion time is bound by a constant of 1.7645.
When looking for Data Structures tasks in this project idea, you will face challenges that are addressed using novel methods. One of the interesting research subjects is the mean response insertion time for the sequential heap DS.
Inserting ‘n’ components into an empty heap will yield ‘n!’ arrangements which you can use in suitable DSA projects in C++ . Subsequently, you can implement the estimated cost approach to specify that the inserting period is limited by a fixed constant.
Our learners also read : Excel online course free !
4. Optimal treaps with priority-changing parameters
Treaps are a combination of BSTs and heaps. These randomized data structures involve assigning specific priorities to the nodes. You can go for a project that optimizes a set of parameters under different settings. For instance, you can set higher preferences for nodes that are accessed more frequently than others. Here, each access will set off a two-fold process:
- Choosing a random number
- Replacing the node’s priority with that number if it is found to be higher than the previous priority
As a result of this modification, the tree will lose its random shape. It is likely that the frequently-accessed nodes would now be near the tree’s root, hence delivering faster searches. So, experiment with this data structure and try to base your argument on evidence.
Also read : Python online course free !
At the end of the project, you can either make an original discovery or even conclude that changing the priority of the node does not deliver much speed. It will be a relevant and useful exercise, nevertheless.
Constructing a heap involves building an ordered binary tree and letting it fulfill the “heap” property. But if it is done using a single element, it would appear like a line. This is because in the BST, the right child should be greater or equal to its parent, and the left child should be less than its parent. However, for a heap, every parent must either be all larger or all smaller than its children.
The numbers show the data structure’s heap arrangement (organized in max-heap order). The alphabets show the tree portion. Now comes the time to use the unique property of treap data structure in DSA projects in C++. This treap has only one arrangement irrespective of the order by which the elements were chosen to build the tree.
You can use a random heap weight to make the second key more useful. Hence, now the tree’s structure will completely depend on the randomized weight offered to the heap values. In the file structure mini project topics , we obtain randomized heap priorities by ascertaining that you assign these randomly.
Top Data Science Skills to Learn in 2022
upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you –
Transformation & Opportunities in Analytics & Insights
5. Research project on k-d trees
K-dimensional trees or k-d trees organize and represent spatial data. These data structures have several applications, particularly in multi-dimensional key searches like nearest neighbor and range searches. Here is how k-d trees operate:
- Every leaf node of the binary tree is a k-dimensional point
- Every non-leaf node splits the hyperplane (which is perpendicular to that dimension) into two half-spaces
- The left subtree of a particular node represents the points to the left of the hyperplane. Similarly, the right subtree of that node denotes the points in the right half.
You can probe one step further and construct a self-balanced k-d tree where each leaf node would have the same distance from the root. Also, you can test it to find whether such balanced trees would prove optimal for a particular kind of application.
Also, visit upGrad’s Degree Counselling page for all undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
Read our popular Data Science Articles
With this, we have covered five interesting ideas that you can study, investigate, and try out. Now, let us look at some more projects on data structures and algorithms .
Read : Data Scientist Salary in India
6. Knight’s travails
In this project, we will understand two algorithms in action – BFS and DFS. BFS stands for Breadth-First Search and utilizes the Queue data structure to find the shortest path. Whereas, DFS refers to Depth-First Search and traverses Stack data structures.
For starters, you will need a data structure similar to binary trees. Now, suppose that you have a standard 8 X 8 chessboard, and you want to show the knight’s movements in a game. As you may know, a knight’s basic move in chess is two forward steps and one sidestep. Facing in any direction and given enough turns, it can move from any square on the board to any other square.
If you want to know the simplest way your knight can move from one square (or node) to another in a two-dimensional setup, you will first have to build a function like the one below.
- knight_plays([0,0], [1,2]) == [[0,0], [1,2]]
- knight_plays([0,0], [3,3]) == [[0,0], [1,2], [3,3]]
- knight_plays([3,3], [0,0]) == [[3,3], [1,2], [0,0]]
Furthermore, this project would require the following tasks:
- Creating a script for a board game and a night
- Treating all possible moves of the knight as children in the tree structure
- Ensuring that any move does not go off the board
- Choosing a search algorithm for finding the shortest path in this case
- Applying the appropriate search algorithm to find the best possible move from the starting square to the ending square.
7. Fast data structures in non-C systems languages
Programmers usually build programs quickly using high-level languages like Ruby or Python but implement data structures in C/C++. And they create a binding code to connect the elements. However, the C language is believed to be error-prone, which can also cause security issues. Herein lies an exciting project idea.
You can implement a data structure in a modern low-level language such as Rust or Go, and then bind your code to the high-level language. With this project, you can try something new and also figure out how bindings work. If your effort is successful, you can even inspire others to do a similar exercise in the future and drive better performance-orientation of data structures.
Also read: Data Science Project Ideas for Beginners
8. Search engine for data structures
The software aims to automate and speed up the choice of data structures for a given API. This project not only demonstrates novel ways of representing different data structures but also optimizes a set of functions to equip inference on them. We have compiled its summary below.
- The data structure search engine project requires knowledge about data structures and the relationships between different methods.
- It computes the time taken by each possible composite data structure for all the methods.
- Finally, it selects the best data structures for a particular case.
Read: Data Mining Project Ideas
9. Phone directory application using doubly-linked lists
This project can demonstrate the working of contact book applications and also teach you about data structures like arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues. Typically, phone book management encompasses searching, sorting, and deleting operations. A distinctive feature of the search queries here is that the user sees suggestions from the contact list after entering each character. You can read the source-code of freely available projects and replicate the same to develop your skills.
This project demonstrates how to address the book programs’ function. It also teaches you about queuing, stacking, linking lists, and arrays. Usually, this project’s directory includes certain actions like categorising, scanning, and removing. Subsequently, the client shows recommendations from the address book after typing each character. This is the web searches’ unique facet. You can inspect the code of extensively used DSA projects in C++ and applications and ultimately duplicate them. This helps you to advance your data science career.
10. Spatial indexing with quadtrees
The quadtree data structure is a special type of tree structure, which can recursively divide a flat 2-D space into four quadrants. Each hierarchical node in this tree structure has either zero or four children. It can be used for various purposes like sparse data storage, image processing, and spatial indexing.
Spatial indexing is all about the efficient execution of select geometric queries, forming an essential part of geo-spatial application design. For example, ride-sharing applications like Ola and Uber process geo-queries to track the location of cabs and provide updates to users. Facebook’s Nearby Friends feature also has similar functionality. Here, the associated meta-data is stored in the form of tables, and a spatial index is created separately with the object coordinates. The problem objective is to find the nearest point to a given one.
You can pursue quadtree data structure projects in a wide range of fields, from mapping, urban planning, and transportation planning to disaster management and mitigation. We have provided a brief outline to fuel your problem-solving and analytical skills.
QuadTrees are techniques for indexing spatial data. The root node signifies the whole area and every internal node signifies an area called a quadrant which is obtained by dividing the area enclosed into half across both axes. These basics are important to understand QuadTrees-related data structures topics.
Objective: Creating a data structure that enables the following operations
- Insert a location or geometric space
- Search for the coordinates of a specific location
- Count the number of locations in the data structure in a particular contiguous area
One of the leading applications of QuadTrees in the data structure is finding the nearest neighbor. For example, you are dealing with several points in a space in one of the data structures topics . Suppose somebody asks you what’s the nearest point to an arbitrary point. You can search in a quadtree to answer this question. If there is no nearest neighbor, you can specify that there is no point in this quadrant to be the nearest neighbor to an arbitrary point. Consequently, you can save time otherwise spent on comparisons.
Spatial indexing with Quadtrees is also used in image compression wherein every node holds the average color of each child. You get a more detailed image if you dive deeper into the tree. This project idea is also used in searching for the nods in a 2D area. For example, you can use quadtrees to find the nearest point to the given coordinates.
Follow these steps to build a quadtree from a two-dimensional area:
- Divide the existing two-dimensional space into four boxes.
- Create a child object if a box holds one or more points within. This object stores the box’s 2D space.
- Don’t create a child for a box that doesn’t include any points.
- Repeat these steps for each of the children.
- You can follow these steps while working on one of the file structure mini project topics .
11. Graph-based projects on data structures
You can take up a project on topological sorting of a graph. For this, you will need prior knowledge of the DFS algorithm. Here is the primary difference between the two approaches:
- We print a vertex & then recursively call the algorithm for adjacent vertices in DFS.
- In topological sorting, we recursively first call the algorithm for adjacent vertices. And then, we push the content into a stack for printing.
Therefore, the topological sort algorithm takes a directed acyclic graph or DAG to return an array of nodes.
Let us consider the simple example of ordering a pancake recipe. To make pancakes, you need a specific set of ingredients, such as eggs, milk, flour or pancake mix, oil, syrup, etc. This information, along with the quantity and portions, can be easily represented in a graph.
But it is equally important to know the precise order of using these ingredients. This is where you can implement topological ordering. Other examples include making precedence charts for optimizing database queries and schedules for software projects. Here is an overview of the process for your reference:
- Call the DFS algorithm for the graph data structure to compute the finish times for the vertices
- Store the vertices in a list with a descending finish time order
- Execute the topological sort to return the ordered list
12. Numerical representations with random access lists
In the representations we have seen in the past, numerical elements are generally held in Binomial Heaps. But these patterns can also be implemented in other data structures. Okasaki has come up with a numerical representation technique using binary random access lists. These lists have many advantages:
- They enable insertion at and removal from the beginning
- They allow access and update at a particular index
Know more: The Six Most Commonly Used Data Structures in R
13. Stack-based text editor
Your regular text editor has the functionality of editing and storing text while it is being written or edited. So, there are multiple changes in the cursor position. To achieve high efficiency, we require a fast data structure for insertion and modification. And the ordinary character arrays take time for storing strings.
You can experiment with other data structures like gap buffers and ropes to solve these issues. Your end objective will be to attain faster concatenation than the usual strings by occupying smaller contiguous memory space.
This project idea handles text manipulation and offers suitable features to improve the experience. The key functionalities of text editors include deleting, inserting, and viewing text. Other features needed to compare with other text editors are copy/cut and paste, find and replace, sentence highlighting, text formatting, etc.
This project idea’s functioning depends on the data structures you determined to use for your operations. You will face tradeoffs when choosing among the data structures. This is because you must consider the implementation difficulty for the memory and performance tradeoffs. You can use this project idea in different file structure mini project topics to accelerate the text’s insertion and modification.
Data structure skills form the bedrock of software development, particularly when it comes to managing large sets of data in today’s digital ecosystem. Leading companies like Adobe, Amazon, and Google hire for various lucrative job positions in the data structure and algorithm domain. And in interviews, recruiters test not only your theoretical knowledge but also your practical skills. So, practice the above data structure projects to get your foot in the door!
If you are curious to learn about data science, check out IIIT-B & upGrad’s Executive PG Programme in Data Science which is created for working professionals and offers 10+ case studies & projects, practical hands-on workshops, mentorship with industry experts, 1-on-1 with industry mentors, 400+ hours of learning and job assistance with top firms.
What do you mean by data structures?
There are certain types of containers that are used to store data. These containers are nothing but data structures. These containers have different properties associated with them, which are used to store, organize, and manipulate the data stored in them. There can be two types of data structures based on how they allocate the data. Linear data structures like arrays and linked lists and dynamic data structures like trees and graphs.
What is the difference between linear and non-linear data structures?
In linear data structures, each element is linearly connected to each other having reference to the next and previous elements whereas in non-linear data structures, data is connected in a non-linear or hierarchical manner. Implementing a linear data structure is much easier than a non-linear data structure since it involves only a single level. If we see memory-wise then the non-linear data structures are better than their counterpart since they consume memory wisely and do not waste it.
Which real-life applications or projects are based on data structures?
You can see applications based on data structures everywhere around you. The google maps application is based on graphs, call centre systems use queues, file explorer applications are based on trees, and even the text editor that you use every day is based upon stack data structure and this list can go on. Not just applications, but many popular algorithms are also based on these data structures. One such example is that of the decision trees. Google search uses trees to implement its amazing auto-complete feature in its search bar.

Prepare for a Career of the Future
Leave a comment, cancel reply.
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
Our Trending Data Science Courses
- Data Science for Managers from IIM Kozhikode - Duration 8 Months
- Executive PG Program in Data Science from IIIT-B - Duration 12 Months
- Master of Science in Data Science from LJMU - Duration 18 Months
- Executive Post Graduate Program in Data Science and Machine LEarning - Duration 12 Months
- Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona - Duration 24 Months
Our Popular Data Science Course

Get Free Consultation
Data science skills to master.
- Data Analysis Courses
- Inferential Statistics Courses
- Hypothesis Testing Courses
- Logistic Regression Courses
- Linear Regression Courses
- Linear Algebra for Analysis Courses
Related Articles

How to Build a Collaborative Data Science Environment?

Top 30 Tableau Interview Questions & Answers in 2023

What is Data warehousing? Type, Definition & Examples
Start your upskilling journey now, get a free personalised counselling session..
Schedule 1:1 free counselling
Talk to a career expert
Explore Free Courses

Data Science & Machine Learning
Build your foundation in one of the hottest industry of the 21st century

Build essential technical skills to move forward in your career in these evolving times

Career Planning
Get insights from industry leaders and career counselors and learn how to stay ahead in your career

Master industry-relevant skills that are required to become a leader and drive organizational success

Advance your career in the field of marketing with Industry relevant free courses

Kickstart your career in law by building a solid foundation with these relevant free courses.
Register for a demo course, talk to our counselor to find a best course suitable to your career growth.

- Data Structure & Algorithm Classes (Live)
- System Design (Live)
- DevOps(Live)
- Explore More Live Courses
- Interview Preparation Course
- Data Science (Live)
- GATE CS & IT 2024
- Data Structure & Algorithm-Self Paced(C++/JAVA)
- Data Structures & Algorithms in Python
- Explore More Self-Paced Courses
- C++ Programming - Beginner to Advanced
- Java Programming - Beginner to Advanced
- C Programming - Beginner to Advanced
- Android App Development with Kotlin(Live)
- Full Stack Development with React & Node JS(Live)
- Java Backend Development(Live)
- React JS (Basic to Advanced)
- JavaScript Foundation
- Complete Data Science Program(Live)
- Mastering Data Analytics
- CBSE Class 12 Computer Science
- School Guide
- All Courses
- Linked List
- Binary Tree
- Binary Search Tree
- Advanced Data Structure
- All Data Structures
- Asymptotic Analysis
- Worst, Average and Best Cases
- Asymptotic Notations
- Little o and little omega notations
- Lower and Upper Bound Theory
- Analysis of Loops
- Solving Recurrences
- Amortized Analysis
- What does 'Space Complexity' mean ?
- Pseudo-polynomial Algorithms
- Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme
- A Time Complexity Question
- Searching Algorithms
- Sorting Algorithms
- Graph Algorithms
- Pattern Searching
- Geometric Algorithms
- Mathematical
- Bitwise Algorithms
- Randomized Algorithms
- Greedy Algorithms
- Dynamic Programming
- Divide and Conquer
- Backtracking
- Branch and Bound
- All Algorithms
- Company Preparation
- Practice Company Questions
- Interview Experiences
- Experienced Interviews
- Internship Interviews
- Competitive Programming
- Design Patterns
- System Design Tutorial
- Multiple Choice Quizzes
- Go Language
- Tailwind CSS
- Foundation CSS
- Materialize CSS
- Semantic UI
- Angular PrimeNG
- Angular ngx Bootstrap
- jQuery Mobile
- jQuery EasyUI
- React Bootstrap
- React Rebass
- React Desktop
- React Suite
- ReactJS Evergreen
- ReactJS Reactstrap
- BlueprintJS
- TensorFlow.js
- English Grammar
- School Programming
- Number System
- Trigonometry
- Probability
- Mensuration
- Class 8 Syllabus
- Class 9 Syllabus
- Class 10 Syllabus
- Class 8 Notes
- Class 9 Notes
- Class 10 Notes
- Class 11 Notes
- Class 12 Notes
- Class 8 Maths Solution
- Class 9 Maths Solution
- Class 10 Maths Solution
- Class 11 Maths Solution
- Class 12 Maths Solution
- Class 7 Notes
- History Class 7
- History Class 8
- History Class 9
- Geo. Class 7
- Geo. Class 8
- Geo. Class 9
- Civics Class 7
- Civics Class 8
- Business Studies (Class 11th)
- Microeconomics (Class 11th)
- Statistics for Economics (Class 11th)
- Business Studies (Class 12th)
- Accountancy (Class 12th)
- Macroeconomics (Class 12th)
- Machine Learning
- Data Science
- Mathematics
- Operating System
- Computer Networks
- Computer Organization and Architecture
- Theory of Computation
- Compiler Design
- Digital Logic
- Software Engineering
- GATE 2024 Live Course
- GATE Computer Science Notes
- Last Minute Notes
- GATE CS Solved Papers
- GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys
- GATE CS 2023 Syllabus
- Important Topics for GATE CS
- GATE 2023 Important Dates
- Software Design Patterns
- HTML Cheat Sheet
- CSS Cheat Sheet
- Bootstrap Cheat Sheet
- JS Cheat Sheet
- jQuery Cheat Sheet
- Angular Cheat Sheet
- Facebook SDE Sheet
- Amazon SDE Sheet
- Apple SDE Sheet
- Netflix SDE Sheet
- Google SDE Sheet
- Wipro Coding Sheet
- Infosys Coding Sheet
- TCS Coding Sheet
- Cognizant Coding Sheet
- HCL Coding Sheet
- FAANG Coding Sheet
- Love Babbar Sheet
- Mass Recruiter Sheet
- Product-Based Coding Sheet
- Company-Wise Preparation Sheet
- Array Sheet
- String Sheet
- Graph Sheet
- ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys
- ISRO CS Solved Papers
- ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam
- UGC NET CS Notes Paper II
- UGC NET CS Notes Paper III
- UGC NET CS Solved Papers
- Campus Ambassador Program
- School Ambassador Program
- Geek of the Month
- Campus Geek of the Month
- Placement Course
- Testimonials
- Student Chapter
- Geek on the Top
- Geography Notes
- History Notes
- Science & Tech. Notes
- Ethics Notes
- Polity Notes
- Economics Notes
- UPSC Previous Year Papers
- SSC CGL Syllabus
- General Studies
- Subjectwise Practice Papers
- Previous Year Papers
- SBI Clerk Syllabus
- General Awareness
- Quantitative Aptitude
- Reasoning Ability
- SBI Clerk Practice Papers
- SBI PO Syllabus
- SBI PO Practice Papers
- IBPS PO 2022 Syllabus
- English Notes
- Reasoning Notes
- Mock Question Papers
- IBPS Clerk Syllabus
- Apply for a Job
- Apply through Jobathon
- Hire through Jobathon
- All DSA Problems
- Problem of the Day
- GFG SDE Sheet
- Top 50 Array Problems
- Top 50 String Problems
- Top 50 Tree Problems
- Top 50 Graph Problems
- Top 50 DP Problems
- Solving For India-Hackthon
- GFG Weekly Coding Contest
- Job-A-Thon: Hiring Challenge
- BiWizard School Contest
- All Contests and Events
- Saved Videos
- What's New ?
- Data Structures
- Interview Preparation
- Topic-wise Practice
- Latest Blogs
- Write & Earn
- Web Development
Related Articles
- Write Articles
- Pick Topics to write
- Guidelines to Write
- Get Technical Writing Internship
- Write an Interview Experience
10 Projects That Every Developer Should Lay Their Hands-On
- Top 10 Projects For Beginners To Practice HTML and CSS Skills
- PHP Pagination | Set 2
- PHP Pagination | Set 3
- PHP Pagination | Set 1
- How to make a Pagination using HTML and CSS ?
- CSS | Pagination
- Advanced Selectors in CSS
- 10 CSS Selectors Every Developer Should Know
- Programming For Beginners: 10 Best HTML Coding Practices You Must Know
- Top 5 Skills You Must Know Before You Learn ReactJS
- How To Learn ReactJS: A Complete Guide For Beginners
- Sum of an array using MPI
- MPI – Distributed Computing made easy
- Cloud Computing
- Cloud Based Services
- Types of Cloud
- Virtualization In Cloud Computing and Types
- Characteristics of Cloud Computing
- Issues in Cloud Computing
- Anatomy of Cloud Computing
- Cloud Computing Services in Financial Market
- Economics of Cloud Computing
- How to Become a Full Stack Web Developer in 2021?
- Must Do Coding Questions for Companies like Amazon, Microsoft, Adobe, ...
- Practice for Cracking Any Coding Interview
- Must Do Coding Questions for Product Based Companies
- Must Do Coding Questions Company-wise
- Difficulty Level : Medium
- Last Updated : 03 Oct, 2022
1. A Text Editor
With their relevance in every programming, sub-culture Text Editors tops the list since text-editor is the basic tool every programmer uses and he must be familiar with how a text-editor works. Companies like Flipkart, Microsoft, etc. constantly asks questions related to text-editors in their interviews-questions related to the two-stack model, undo-redo operation (with unlimited stack size unlike Notepad which allows only single undo/redo operations), finding and replacing text, using the trie data-structure (for scaling the text-editor to a word-processor), pattern-based searching (using regular expressions), stylizing text (as in code-editors) and so on. So a Text-Editor project is worth a shot. Below are some relevant articles you can look up to for learning how to make your text editor:
- Java Swing | Create a simple Text Editor
- Make NotePad using Tkinter
2. A Graphical Calculator
A calculator is a simple application but a graphical calculator is interesting mainly because of the compact user-interface (not displaying all functionality at once). There are a lot of things that can be expanded to it such as allowing complex expressions in the text-field (as input – which may involve Expression trees), allowing user-defined functions (similar to GNOME Calculator) and so on! The complexity of the project shouldn’t be under-estimated and one must try to keep the user-interface as compact as possible. All and all even if interviewers do-not ask that many questions related to expression trees yet making a graphical calculator can be a good GUI exercise and a project every developer should lay their hands on! Related Articles:
- Simple Calculator with Javascript
- Java Swing Simple Calculator
- HTML Scientific Calculator
- Python Simple Graphical Calculator using Tkinter
- Expression Evaluation
- Expression Trees
3. Snake Game
Snake Game is definitely a project that every developer should lay their hands on! An interesting thing about making a Snake game is that there are infinite ways to do it! Some little things in Snake can confuse anyone and that’s why companies like Amazon, etc ask questions related to Snake Game Design. Questions such as How’d you re-implement the game such that instead of restarting the game when the snake bites itself it’d cut the segments of the snake and decrease its life by one? or What if the apple is spawned at the snake or one of its segments? and What algorithm would you use to make sure that doesn’t happen? , How would you make an animated Snake game – one that’d use different sprites for snake’s head-tail and body? . The last question is very relevant and I strongly suspect that interviewers will move on to ask the last question since making a sprite-based snake game (similar to Google Snake) is not so trivial as simply making a snake game! The rendering technique is really what makes it difficult. Related Articles:
- Design a Snake Game
- Creating a Snake Game with HTML5 Canvas

4. TicTacToe/Connect 4 with AI
Sounds easy, right? We are talking about the unbeatable AI – one that requires the minimax algorithm and alpha-beta pruning! How to making a board game AI – this question is asked in many system-design interviews and interviewers will continue to ask this question until it becomes trivial for everyone! Making an unbeatable TicTacToe AI is pretty easy and nothing to brag about but AI for other board games such as Connect 4 and especially Chess can be pretty daunting (since it involves alpha-beta pruning and handling with a lot of corner cases). Related Articles:
- MiniMax algorithm in Game Theory
- Alpha-Beta Pruning
5. Terminal Shell
Shells involve a lot of string-processing and smart use of the two-stack model for storing the history of commands and to locomote between them! Making a Terminal Shell is a great exercise project for learning systems programming since it involves turning on/off a great number of bit flags to have to enter the raw-mode . A lot of GUI applications nowadays have a graphical console in them which works the same way as a shell-commands are entered, parsed and then processed! Ancient games had a console them which was often a time the only means of interaction (text-based adventure games which had their window)! At one point terminal shells can also include some kind of meta-programming (talking with other programs dynamically)! Below are some relevant articles you can look up to learn more about terminal shells (or consoles) and how to implement them:
- Developing a Linux based shell
- Make your own Linux Shell in C
6. Sudoku (with AI)
Sudoku is a mathematical puzzle developed by the great Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler. Some say it was originally a Japanese logic puzzle but we won’t get into that. We’ll concern ourselves with the project only – which is about making a Sudoku generator, as well as solver (the solving would be done by an AI-agent) Sudoku can be pretty complicated especially if puzzle has to generate based on the difficulty as that would involve using Las Vegas and also high level of genericization! The AI-part is pretty trivial but depending on your implementation and the data-structure you use, it can be difficult . For Example, it can be complicated if you define the grid as a matrix rather than an array! Note that we didn’t place Sudoku in the above category – this is because Sudoku is a single-player board game. The player plays Sudoku with himself and there is no second player in the game – meaning no possibility has to be generated at every step. There are a lot of ways you can make the AI – you can simply use backtracking or you can use advanced AI methods such as constraint propagation and make use of data structures such as BST . Related Articles:
- Sudoku Backtracking
- Sudoku Generator
- Check if given Sudoku board configuration is valid or not
7. A Node-Editor
A lot of GUI applications nowadays have something that’s called a node-editor . Every productive software is nowadays expected to have a node-editor in them! 3D Modelling software like Houdini and Blender, game-engines like Unity and Unreal, and story-telling software like Twine – all of these have a node-editor in them. A Node-editor can come in all sorts but the fundamental principle is this that there are basic entities called nodes that have a pin in them that needs to connect to another pin of other nodes! And nodes are connected via wires which are mostly represented by Bezier curves but some represent them as elliptic curves (Twine) or simple lines (Blender 1.8). I recommend you to use Bezier curves in your project since they are the fashion nowadays! Below are some relevant articles which will help you make your node-editor:- Related Articles:
- Bezier Curve in HTML5 Canvas
- Cube Bezier Curve in SDL/C
- Bezier Curve in p5.js
If you are using Javascript then try Rete.js
8. Web Crawler
Web Crawlers can be mysterious and not many people know the secret of making a scalable web-crawler and this is how interviewers select the best candidates! Google asks this question of implementing a web-crawler in lots of its system-design interviews and it’d be difficult to answer if someone has never built his web-crawler! Below are some relevant articles you can check out to learn how to make your web-crawler:
- How to make a spider-bot in PHP?
- How to make a web crawler in PHP?
- How to detect SpiderBots with PHP?
- Nodejs | Web Scraping using Cheerio
- Python | Program to crawl a Webpage to get most frequent words
- Python | Implementing Web Scraping in Python with Scrapy
- Python | Tools in the world of Web Scraping
- Implementing Web Scraping in Python with BeautifulSoup
- Deploying Scrapy spider on ScrapingHub
9. Klondike/Spider Solitaire
There are hundreds of different varieties of Solitaire ranging like Golf, Tripeaks, Bakers Game, Thirteen and so on but probably the most difficult ones are Klondike and Spider solitaire! Klondike solitaire (which many people simply call solitaire) can make use of data structures ranging from stacks to splay trees! Also solitaire games can use Fisher-Yates Shuffle algorithm ! Related Articles:
- Shuffle a given array using Fisher-Yates Shuffle algorithm
- Shuffle a deck of cards
10. Chess Game
A Chess game will always be a project that every developer should lay their hands (at least every developer who wants to be a software engineer)! A Chess game has lots of moving parts and lots and lots of corner cases that one must consider! It involves and a lot of Graph Theory and even to this date making an unbeatable AI for Chess is no child’s play! Even with the aid of the minimax algorithm, it can be very difficult to make an unbeatable AI for Chess (since the number of combinations is very high) and one must apply some performance optimization techniques to reduce the memory overhead! A Chess game can also test your design skills such as Are you implementing duplicate behavior or are you using the concept of inheritance, etc? Related Articles:
- Check if a given chessboard is valid or not
- Minimum number of moves required to reach the destination by the king in a chess board
- Design a chess game
- N-Queens problem
Please Login to comment...
- mitalibhola94
- Technical Scripter
Learn 4 Years worth of Coding in 6 Months
Improve your Coding Skills with Practice
Start your coding journey now.
- No suggested jump to results
data-structure-projects
Here are 6 public repositories matching this topic..., fsiddh / data-structures-in-real-life-projects.
- Updated Jul 29, 2021
aj7tt / 100daysofDSA
Problem-solving
- Updated Jun 6, 2022
OrionJoshi / Music_Player_Using_LinkedList
Music Player Using Double linked list
- Updated Jul 14, 2021
Rajattheonlyhero / Online-Voting-System-Data-Structure-Project
Created An Online Voting System in C using Linked List and windows.h features to decorate
- Updated Oct 13, 2020
HypertextAssassin0273 / Excel_Data_Organizer_and_Cleaner-DS_Project
Data Structures project in C++11 language, uses custom Vector & String structures with Move Semantics (Rule of Five)
- Updated Jan 11, 2023
mhamzap10 / Travelling-SalesMan-Problem
Project Home Delivery Management System implements Travelling Sales Man problem with many extended features such as calculate estimated distance, time, cost, shortest delivery route and send it to the Delivery boy present in Queue
- Updated Dec 26, 2019
Improve this page
Add a description, image, and links to the data-structure-projects topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it.
Curate this topic
Add this topic to your repo
To associate your repository with the data-structure-projects topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics."
- Undergraduate Studies
- Douglas Wilhelm Harder
- Algorithms and Data Structures Home
List of all projects
In order to ensure that it is more difficult for students to be tempted by cheating, each of the projects has numerous possible projects associated with it. These projects should change from term to term.
- linked-list−based data structures ,
- array-based data structures ,
- tree-based data structures ,
- hash-table based data structures , and
- graph data structures and algorithms .
For access, please contact the author at [email protected] .
1. Linked-list−based data structures
Project 1 will always be comprised of a linked-list projects:
- Cyclic_double_list
- Cyclic_double_sentinel_list
- Cyclic_list
- Cyclic_sentinel_list
- Double_list
- Double_sentinel_list
- Sentinel_list
- Single_list
- Sorted_double_list
- Sorted_double_sentinel_list
- Sorted_sentinel_list
- Sorted_single_list
Each class above requires one of the following two node classes:
- Double_node
- Single_node
2. Array-based data structures
Project 2 will always be comprised two projects. One will be a statically sized array-based container, while the other will be dynamic. In general, one should be stack-based, and the other either queue or deque based.
The static memory projects are:
- Drop_off_stack
- Navigation_stack
- Range_stack
The dynamic memory projects are:
- Dynamic_stack
- Dynamic_queue
- Dynamic_deque
- Dynamic_navigation_stack
- Dynamic_range_stack
- Dynamic_dual_stack
The linked-memory projects are:
- Linked_stack
- Linked_queue
- Linked_deque
- Linked_navigation_stack
- Linked_range_stack
Students will be allowed to use the STL std::list class for the linked-memory projects.
2.1 Definitions
3. tree-based data structures.
Project 3 will always be comprised one project related to node-based trees.
- Expression tree
- File system
- Lazy deletion tree
4. Hash-table data structure
Project 4 will usually be comprised of a hash table. Previously it has also possibly been a heap-based structure, but it is more useful to have a hash table structure.
- Binary heap
- Cuckoo hash table
- Double hash table
- Dynamic double hash table
- Dynamic linear hash table
- Dynamic min heap
- Linear replacement hash table
- Quadratic hash table
- Quaternary heap
- Stable binary heap
- Ternary heap
5. Grpah data structures and algorithms
Project 5 is always graph based.
- Dijkstra's algorithm
- Prim's algorithm
- Topological sort
- Kruskal algorithm

- Faculty of Engineering
- Privacy statement
- © 2012 University of Waterloo
Website maintained by Douglas Wilhelm Harder

- Home →
- Data Structure and Algorithm Projects →
Mini project Data structure using Stack
Here is list of Top 10 Mini project Data structure using Stack. Students can refer and try to implement these projects.
The programming language C/C++ projects are listed here and have lots of practical application information. It offers both short, simple & complicated projects. You may enjoy the use of any one project on your computer and download it at no cost to you. This page has included each and every mini-project we made for C and game design and application development. And. Script C++. It contains functions, arrays, point objects, file handling, data structures , etc. And also learn how to create Data Structures and Algorithms Projects in C++ .
10 Mini project Data structure using Stack
- Obscure binary search trees
- BSTs following the memoization algorithm
- Heap insertion time
- Optimal treaps with priority-changing parameters
Research project on k-d trees
- Knight’s travails
Fast data structures in non-C systems languages
Search engine for data structures, phone directory application using doubly-linked lists.
- Spatial indexing with quadtrees
- Graph-based projects on data structures
- Numerical representations with random access lists
Stack-based text editor
Data structure and algorithms c++, data structure basics, which real-life applications or projects are based on data structures.
- Hash table (uniquely identifies each feed while allowing additional feeds to be added (assuming dynamic resizing))
- Linked List (doubly-linked: from one node, you can go backwards/forwards one by one)
- Graph (each person is a point, and connections/friendships are an edge)
- Array (2-dimensional, 1000×1000, storing color values)
- Queue (like a queue/line of people waiting to get through a checkpoint)
What is the meaning of data structures?
A Data structure is an arrangement of data in a computer’s memory or disk. Data structures include Arrays, Stacks , Queues, linked lists, binary trees, and hash tables, and etc.
More C and C++ Projects
Some advanced projects in c and c++.
- Snakes and Ladders Game in C
- Bike Race Game (using SDL) in C++
- Database Management System (using wxWidgets) in C++
- Fortune Teller (Predict Future) in C++
- Helicopter Game (using SDL) in C++
- Search Engine in C++
- Tank Game in C++
- Traffic Control Management System in C++
- University Management System in C++
- 3D Bounce Ball Game in OpenGL
Types of Linked List are:
- Singly Linked List.
- Doubly Linked List.
- Circular Linked List.
Spatial indexing with quadtrees:
A spatial index is a data structure that allows for accessing a spatial object efficiently. It is a common technique used by spatial databases. Without indexing, any search for a feature would require a “sequential scan” of every record in the database, resulting in much longer processing time.
Programmers usually build programs quickly using high-level languages like Ruby or Python but implement data structures in C/C++. And they create a binding code to connect the elements.
Heap insertion Time
The number of operations required depends only on the number of levels the new element must rise to satisfy the heap property. Thus, the insertion operation has a worst-case time complexity of O(log n). For a random heap, and for repeated insertions, the insertion operation has an average-case complexity of O(1).
Related Articles:
Data Structures and Algorithms Tutorial
Web References:
- codewithc.com
- Stackoverflow.com

Naveed Tawargeri
Hi Everyone, Naveed Tawargeri Here. I am a graduate of Information Science Engineering and working as Digital Marketing Executive.
Leave a reply:
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.
Leave a Reply:

- Buy Courses
- Data Structures in Real Life Projects

One of its kind, our newly launched course on Data Structures Projects is a must do offering. Designed for school and college students, this course will help to ignite the interest of students towards solving some real life problems. The course starts with basics of Javascript, diving quickly to problem solving by building 6 real projects that include games, puzzles & web-apps. The course will give you an opportunity to apply your algorithmic skills such as backtracking, graph algorithms, dynamic programming, OOPs concepts to build some interesting projects which you can also showcase in your resume.
- Learn JavaScript
- Learn to Apply Algorithms
- Solve Real Life Problems
- Add Projects to your Resume
- Certificate on Building a Project
- Snakes Game (Arrays)
- Sudoku (Backtracking)
- Travel Planner (Graphs)
- Cash Flow Minimiser (Graphs/Multisets/Heaps)
- WhatsApp List (LRU Cache/Interview Problem)
- Text Editor Cut, Copy, Paste (Stack)
- File Zipper (Greedy Huffman Encoder)
- CB Mario ( Dynamic Programming Optimisation in Game)
- Jump Froggy (Greedy Optimisation in Game)
Pre-requisites - The course is for any one who has basic understanding of a programming language and data structures, and is ready to learn a new language and build some projects.
Course Content
Take free trial, choose batch.

Currently doing his Masters in Machine Learning from IIT Delhi, Prateek is an ace programmer who has worked with SanDisk and HackerEarth in the past. He has also won prestigious hackathons including Google’s Code For India and Smart City Hackathon. A Computer Science Graduate from DTU, he is highly popular among students for his teaching methods. His interactive CV ( www.prateeknarang.com ) is also well known in 120+ countries.
What our students say


IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
In computer programming, a linear data structure is any data structure that must be traversed linearly. Examples of linear data structures include linked lists, stacks and queues. For example, consider a list of employees and their salaries...
In the field of math, data presentation is the method by which people summarize, organize and communicate information using a variety of tools, such as diagrams, distribution charts, histograms and graphs. The methods used to present mathem...
The presentation of data refers to how mathematicians and scientists summarize and present data related to scientific studies and research. In order to present their points, they use various techniques and tools to condense and summarize th...
Items, such as names, numbers, etc. can be stored in memory in a sorted order called binary search trees or BSTs. And some of these data
1. A Text Editor · 2. A Graphical Calculator · 3. Snake Game · 4. TicTacToe/Connect 4 with AI · 5. Terminal Shell · 6. Sudoku (with AI) · 7. A Node-
Here are 6 public repositories matching this topic... · fsiddh / Data-Structures-in-Real-Life-Projects · aj7tt / 100daysofDSA · OrionJoshi /
Snakes Game (Arrays) · Sudoku (Backtracking) · Travel Planner (Graphs) · Cash Flow Minimiser (Graphs/Multisets/Heaps · Text Editor Cut, Copy, Paste (Stack) · File
Crio free class https://www.crio.do/redeem/2eb7628/Hello, I am FrazI am a Software Engineer at @Google. In this video I am discussing 5
In this video, Abhi talks about the 5 projects you can make using various data structures and algorithms. With DSA, you can not only solve
Project 2 will always be comprised two projects. One will be a statically sized array-based container, while the other will be
Data Structures Projects are the testimonials that you have learned a technology well. In Emertxe we have a hand-picked set of projects which will ensure
Best DSA Projects · 1. Snakes Game (Arrays) · 2. Cash Flow Minimiser (Graphs/Multisets/Heaps) · 3. Sudoku Solver (Backtracking) · 4. File Zipper(
10 Mini project Data structure using Stack · Obscure binary search trees · BSTs following the memoization algorithm · Heap insertion time · Optimal treaps with
Projects · Snakes Game (Arrays) · Sudoku (Backtracking) · Travel Planner (Graphs) · Cash Flow Minimiser (Graphs/Multisets/Heaps) · WhatsApp List (LRU Cache/Interview