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- 1. FORMAT OF RESEARCH REPORT By R.Ramadoss M.Phil Research Scholar, PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College,Trichy-20
- 2. Research Reports "Research reports are detailed and accurate accounts of the conduct of disciplined studies accomplished to solve problems or to reveal new knowledge." (Busha and Harter, 1988). Research reports must be complete, well organized and carefully drafted if their contents are to contribute to fields in which the research efforts are made. This is an essential means of communication to the peers in the field to judge the value of the research work done.
- 3. Types of Research Report There are a variety of research reports. The audience to whom a research report is addressed has to be kept in view in the preparation of a research report. The research report may be divided into following types: Technical report Popular reports Interim reports Summary report
- 4. Technical report: The technical report is essentially technical in nature and written in technical language. It also contains technical appendix for methodological details, copies of measuring instruments, scale etc. Popular report: The popular report is for audience like executives/administrators and other non technical users. Complicated statistical techniques and table can be used otherwise using graphical and pictorial representations will be used.
- 5. Interim report: When there is a long time lag between data collection and the presentation of the results. Interim report will be a suitable kind of a report to present data as and when the phase of the project work gets completed. The interim report contains a narration of what has been done so far and what was the outcome. It presents a summary of the findings of that part if analysis which has been completed. Summary report: A summary report is generally prepared for the consumption of the lay audience. It is written in non-technical, simple language with a liberal use of pictorial charts. It just contains brief reference to the objectives of the study and major findings and their implications.
- 6. Steps in writing research report After the data analysis is over, report writing cannot be started abruptly. It requires careful pre-planning. The planning process involves the following consolidations and steps: The target audience ( Public/ Children/ Scientists etc.) The communication characteristics of the audience ( Level of Knowledge). The intended purpose of the report ( Award of Degree/Project/Diploma etc.)
- 7. The type and scope of report (M.Phil/ Ph.D/Scope and Limitations) The style of reporting ( simple/ Clear) The format of the report ( always varies according to the type of report) Outline of the contents ( what to cover and what not) Style of writing Proper footnotes and bibliography
- 8. Format of research report A research report has a number of clearly defined sections. While the headings of the sections and the order may vary from one situation to another, the following is suggested as a broad sequence of contents of research report. (i) Preliminary items: Title Page Researcher’s declaration The certificate of the research supervisor.
- 9. Acknowledgements Table of contents List of tables List of graphs and charts Abstract of Synopsis Dedication page ( ii) Body of the report: 1. Introduction Theoretical background of the topic. Statement of the problem Review of literature
- 10. The objectives of the study Hypotheses to be tested. Definitions of the concepts Models, if any. Chapterization 2. The design of the study: Methodology Overall typology Methods of data collection Source of data Sample plane Data collection techniques Data processing and analysis plan An overview of the report Limitations of the study.
- 11. 3. Results Findings Discussion 4. Summary Conclusions and Recommendations (iii)Terminal items: Bibliography Appendix Copies of data collection instruments Technical details on sampling plan Complex tables Glossary of new terms used in the report.
- 12. ThankYou
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UNIT – 5 RESEARCH REPORT.
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Writing a research report
Writing a research report. ESL/ALP 108 Integrated Studies. The Process. Choose a topic Gather materials Narrow the topic Formulate a research question Research in-depth Write the introduction and thesis Write the body Write the conclusion Write the bibliography. Choose a topic.
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Writing aresearch report ESL/ALP 108 Integrated Studies
The Process • Choose a topic • Gather materials • Narrow the topic • Formulate a research question • Research in-depth • Write the introduction and thesis • Write the body • Write the conclusion • Write the bibliography
Choose a topic • Choose a topic in your field of study. Write about something you are interested in to lead you to a question you have about something particular in your field.
Gather materials • Once you have chosen a general topic, gather materials (periodicals, scholarly articles, lecture videos, professional articles) to explore information that exists on your topic. • Take notes on the information you find and keep a list of all materials in a ‘dump document’.
Narrow your topic • Assume your topic is too broad. When a topic is too broad, it will not allow you to do an in-depth analysis and demonstrate critical thinking. • In graduate writing you need a narrowed topic in order to explore the topic in detail.
Formulate a research question • Develop a question or discover a controversy related to your topic to show your perspective. • Your job is to present your own perspective and use the research to support your idea. • This question will be the springboard for the thesis.
In-depth research • Search the databases for scholarly and professional articles on your narrowed topic. • You need to collect and refer to a minimum of four articles in your research paper. • You may find the need to narrow your topic even more as you complete your in-depth research. • Write a source list with annotations.
Write your introduction • The introduction to your research paper will present the overall topic and your thesis, the key argument you want to prove in your paper. • The introduction can include the following • First, an attention getter on the general topic or an extended definition of the key topic. • Second, the supporting sentences with general background information on the topic • Last, a thesis with the main argument of the paper.
The thesis • The thesis is one or two complete sentences at the end of the introduction that express the key argument you will prove in your paper. • The thesis must be • clear and direct - not vague language • a statement that is not posed as a question • in third person only
Body paragraphs • The body of the research paper includes three sections. • Literature review – summarize what the current research shows in relation to your topic. • Presentation of your view – explain and develop the support for your ideas on the topic. • Implications/effects of your view – explain the effects/results and the importance of your idea.
Conclusion • The conclusion is your last effort to convince the reader that your idea is valid. • Write strong, direct sentences that give the main points of your paper and propose what may happen in the future. • Do not give new points in the conclusion. • Do not begin the conclusion with overused transitions, such as ‘In conclusion’ or ‘In summary’; use a concluding phrase instead.
Bibliography and citations • The bibliography is a list of all sources used to write your research paper. • The bibliography and all in-text citations must be in APA style.
Requirements • ~ 2000 words • 12-point font • Times New Roman or Arial • 1” margins • double-spaced • title page per APA style • black ink / white paper
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This documents provides a simple set of guidelines for students seeking to prepare a research paper, dissertation and PhD. It was developed for teaching purposes for international students coming to Australia to undertake Masters or PhD research degrees.
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We have attempted in this guide to cover the broad spectrum of the research process. The research process is not simply about the methodology of research design. Before considering research design, researchers need to know how to define and refine the research question. After settling on research design, they need to be able to write a research protocol, submit a proposal for funding, properly conduct the research, describe, analyse and carefully interpret the research results, and finally communicate the findings to all who stand to benefit from the research, through writing and publishing papers and making scientific presentations. Researchers need also the skills to be able to assess and evaluate the research done by others. Beginners in health research have to consult different sources if they want to get a complete grasp of this whole spectrum of the research process. Our objective was to provide a concise practical guide to cover these areas, rather than a comprehensive manual. To be able to obtain more technical detail and information on the issues discussed, we have provided a list of useful sources for each chapter, as well as a number of annexes. We hope that this guide will help in expanding the community of health researchers, beyond the traditional groups of trained scientists. We hope it will help health researchers to plan, conduct and disseminate good research.
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